To determine GM foods, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) based methods, commercial kits, bio-sensors, microchips and other methods are used.

PCR Based Methods: The most important steps in this method are; isolation of DNA, purification of DNA and preparing samples. The main methods of PCR are PCR-ELISA, Real-time PCR, Doubles, Multiplex PCR and quantitative PCR.

Commercial Kits: There are any commercial kits to determine GM foods.

Bio-sensors and Microchips: Specific bio-sensors and microchips have been developed for various types of GM foods. Both method are rapid, sensitive and specific.

Other Methods: Electrophoresis, X-Ray and fluorescence are other methods to determine GM foods. In addition to this methods, carbohydrates, proteins and fatty acids are determined in food and compared with non-GM foods. For this aim, GC-MS, ELISA, HPLC and NMR are used.

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